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Abstract

The word “calamine�, designating non-sulphide Zn-ores of supergene origin in carbonate rocks, originates from the Belgian locality “La Calamine� where an ore deposit was exploited from the 14^th century up to 1884. The genesis and age of La Calamine, described in the literature as a palaeokarstic type of deposit, have never been fully understood. Likewise, the age of the deep supergene alteration of Zn-Pb veins exploited in Belgian and German neighbouring mining districts has never been clearly determined. This paper aims at identifying the geological constraints responsible for the genesis of willemite-smithsonite-bearing La Calamine deposit, as well as of the deep-reaching gossans of the surrounding Zn-Pb veins. The kaolinised regolith remnants ranging from Uppermost Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, which developed on the post-Variscan palaeosurface, could be one of the surface expressions of the weathering responsible for the genesis of non-sulphide Zn-ore deposits in Belgium and Germany. Locally, Upper Cretaceous sediments, whose deposition interrupted the weathering process, cover the regolith. Neither Cainozoic weathering, that was responsible in Belgium for halloysite accumulations at the bottom of giant cryptokarsts, nor Quaternary landscape modelling, should have played a major role in the formation of the economic “calamine-type� Zn-deposits.

Documents annexes

Il y a 1 document annexé à cet article.

• Dejonghe.pdf (918k)

Pour citer cet article :

Léon DEJONGHE & Maria BONI. «THE “CALAMINE-TYPE" ZINC-LEAD DEPOSITS IN BELGIUM AND WEST GERMANY: A PRODUCT OF MESOZOIC PALAEOWEATHERING PROCESSES». Geologica Belgica, volume 8 (2005)  number 3 : 3-14
http://popups.ulg.ac.be/Geol/document.php?id=849

Les auteurs : 

Léon  DEJONGHE

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Geological Survey of Belgium, 13 Jenner street, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, E-mail: Leon.Dejonghe@naturalsciences.be; also Free University of Brussels, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Maria  BONI

Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Napoli, Italy, E-mail: boni@unina.it; also Geologisch-Palaeontologisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

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